Banana plants produced from tissue culture are free from diseases at the time of supply and they give high yields. Virupakshi through embryonic cell suspension culture has been reported. This system of propagation, in addition to being slow, can spread plant diseases, particularly serious being viral. At the base of each pseudostem you will find a meristem, if you have 2 pseudostems you will have 2 meristems. Virus elimination by meristem culture on 4 garlic clones. Elimination of virusesppv,pnrsvthrough themotherapy and meristem tip culture in nectarine. Shoot tip cultures preserve genetic stability much better than callus or cell suspension cultures, yet somaclonal. It has been proved that with the help of new tissue culture technology, a large number of disease free and high yielding plants can be produced. At the same time, somaclonal variation is an important tool for the improvement of banana germplasm. Dave, i am also just beginning to tissue culture bananas. Morel and martin 1952 developed the technique of meristem culture for in vivo virus eradication of dahlia. Introduction clonal propagation of horticulturally important plants through shoot tip and apical meristem culture has progressed considerably in recent years murashige, 1974, 1978.
Accepted 23 september, 2011 explants were taken from field grown plants in 2010. There are useful repotato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology. In meristem tip culture there is a partition of undifferentiated plant cells which are not valuable cells from shoot tips. The apical meristem maintains itself, gives rise to new tissues and. Khan1, fisal iqbal jafery1 and shagufta naz2 1department of biological sciences, university of sargodha. The following plant parts are extensively used in commercial micropropagation. The in vitro propagation techniques for producing banana using. Initiation, proliferation and development of micro. Freebranching fb characteristic disappeared following heat treatment meristem tissue culture these treatments are used in breeding to eliminate pathogens. Green shoots are generally observable within three weeks, and roots develop within six weeks. The meristem is a ball of unspecialised cells, they will either be triggered to become a leaf or a flower bud. For rapid in vitro multiplication of banana, shoot tips from young suckers of 40100 cm height are most commonly used as explants.
A diagrammatic representation of shoot tip or meristem culture in micro propagation is given in fig 47. Shoots develop from a small group of cells known as shoot apical meristem. Initiation, proliferation and development of micropropagation system for mass scale production of banana through meristem culture. Musa meristem banana culture philippines tour guide. A commercial micropropagation protocol for virupakshi african. Request pdf thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and meristem culture in banana bananas that provide a staple food to the millions of people are adversely. This study has demonstrated that green competent multiple meristem culture derived from male inflorescence can produce plantlet and could be an alternative material for mass micropropagation of bananas. Tissue culture is seen as an important technology for developing countries for the production of diseasefree, high quality planting material and the rapid production of many uniform plants. In stage i, the culture of meristem is established. Scholar department of genetics and plant breeding igkv, raipur 2. Meristem culture has been used in eradication of banana virusbmv,bbtv from infected banana plants and production of certified banana plant. Eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and banana. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including. The polyphenoloxidase enzymes serve as a very important phyto auxine in banana and help to defend the plant against infection from fungi, viruses and bacteria when injured31.
Banana tissue culture initiation cutting plant tissue culture subculture treatment duration. Commercial cultivation of banana using plant tissue culture technique. Addition of growth regulators namely cytokinins kinetin, ba and. However, control of insects and contaminating microorganisms is difficult.
The apex of the inflorescence and axillary flower buds 4 are also suitable explants for tissue culture initiation. However, research on clonal propagation of trop ical fruit crops through tissue culture is rather scanty and needs to be inten sified. In vitro propagation systems that are based on the use of microcuttings or meristem cultures are considered analogous to clonal cuttings and so widely viewed to be largely free from such somaclonal effects. Therefore, considering the above facts, the present study was undertaken with the following objectives. Meristem micropropagation of cassava manihot esculenta. There is great interest in the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes associated with plant in vitro culture known as somaclonal variation. Ppt meristem culture powerpoint presentation free to. Initiation of shoot cultures shoot cultures of banana start conventionally from any plant part that contains a shoot meristem, i. Musa, virus eradication, vegetative propagated plant, tissue culture. The most established banana shoottip culture system was achieved by. The main reasons for producing meristem plants are to eliminate pathogens from planting material and to reinvigorate plants. Preparation of tissue culture media jan 28, 2009 1.
Crosscut the base containing the apical meristem into 4. Meristemtip tissues of cavendish banana were incubated at 17c under light on cheesecloth over cotton saturated with 3% solution of var. Each group will prepare one or two of the following media. Meristem culture proved to be the most effective procedure to eradicate phloemassociated viruses. Shoots of all angiosperms and gymnosperms grow by virtue of their apical meristems. In vitro culture of meristems and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for solving these problems. However, the application of higher bap concentrations inhibits elongation of adventitious meristems and the conversion into complete plants 6. Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. The objectives this lab exercise are to learn how to make plant tissue culture media and get experience in culturing plants in vitro using several horticultural crops. Meristem plants produce many more daughter plants than are produced by conventionallypropagated plants. Foundation plant services guide to the strawberry clean.
The in vitro propagation techniques for producing banana. Banana plant propagators and researchers have learned, over the years, to reduce the frequency of offtypes to a manageable level. Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using meristem culture by morel in 1965 6. Banana tissue culture information guide for beginners. Shoot cultures of banana start conventionally from any plant part that contains a shoot meristem, i. This method requires isolation of meristematic dome of plant under the aseptic conditions and culture in an appropriate nutrient medium to develop new virusfree plants. Cauliflower florets in particular give excellent results since they can be grown into a complete plant in the basic tissue culture media, without the need for additional growth or root hormones. Highly proliferating meristem cultures are obtained and used as starting material in the scalp methodology, the technique most commonly. Shoo t culture s of banana start conve n ti onally f rom a ny p lant part that con t ains a shoot me r istem, i. Meristem culture was developed by morel and martin in 1952 for rivers eliminating from dahlia 5. Potato in vitro culture techniques and biotechnology. Saurabh bhatia, kiran sharma, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015. Combination of these techniques is also applied to improve the eradication rate.
Meristemtip tissues of cavendish banana were incubated at 17c under light. The tissue culture banana plantlets are available in net pots with a height of 12 cm approximately with 34 leaves from commercial laboratories primary nurseries. It is located in davao crocodile park complex, diversion road, maa, davao. The experiment on virus free banana plantlets production by meristem culture and establishment of virus free in vitro plantlets into rooting media was conducted at the biotechnology laboratory, department of biotechnology, bangladesh agricultural university, mymensingh, during september 2003. The ingredients of plant tissue culture media can be categorized as inorganic salts, organic compounds, complex natural preparations and inert. Plantlet production through development of competent. Tissueculture techniques established for banana include shoot and meristem culture, callus culture, somatic embryogenesis, cell suspension, and protoplast.
Meristem culture and subsequent micropropagation of. Thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and meristem culture in banana. Water culture will supply meristems for a short period of time 23 months, but the plants are kept in a cleaner, more controlled environment. In vitro shoot multiplication in different species of banana imedpub. Meristem culture is used for shoot apical meristem culture in vitro. These tissue cultured plantlets are packed in open cartons and transported to the required area through trucks or minivans. Request pdf thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and meristem culture in banana bananas that provide a staple food to the millions of people are adversely affected by several viruses such as banana. The musa meristem banana culture is one of the philippines largest banana tissue culture plantation. Tissueculture techniques established for banana include shoot and meristem.
Micropropagation, which is a form of tissue culture, increases the amount of planting material to facilitate distribution and large scale planting. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. The most widely used media for meristem culture are ms medium and whites medium. Introduction plant tissue culture is culturing of any part of the plant in a specially defined growth media under aseptic laboratory condition in petri dishes, test tubes or in any other suitable glass containers. Pdf initiation, proliferation and development of micropropagation. Annual action plan on national horticulture mission, orissa 200607 banana tissue culture 180. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to develop in. A new technique for storage of meristemtip cultures of. Primary nursery tissue culture plants of banana plantlets. When sprouts from the roots reach a height of 10 20 cm they are ready to be harvested for meristemtip culture.
A new technique for storage of meristemtip cultures of cavendish. Establishment of a standard protocol for in vitro meristem. Pdf initiation, proliferation and development of micro. Sucker detachment about four to seven suckers, depending on banana or plantain cultivar, will sprout three weeks after removal of the apical dominance.
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